名人名言（托管人：姑布子）

从林肯的信仰观思格弊变法之难

2009-04-10T01:56:00.000-07:00

The Bible is not my book nor Christianity my profession. I could never give assent to the long, complicated statements of Christian dogma.
Abraham Lincoln, US President
圣经既不是我的读本也不是我职业的基督教信仰。我不可能赞成冗长、错杂的基督教条之陈述。亚伯拉罕·林肯（美国总统）

【姑布评议】
人言林肯晚年信仰上帝。阿门，以此言论，其是其弥留之言。林肯何得有晚年之说？林肯的变通实际上最难。观之中国现代的历史剧，充斥着对变通和改革的高论。如《雍正王朝》，胡玫读之大为震惊，于是“处心积虑”地应答制片人、出资人，如读恋爱般让那些男人们将票投到她头上。胡玫遂穷其所有，成就了大导演的梦想。我想观众何以能认同《雍正王朝》呢？的确很有野史的味道，其中有雍正的政治睿智和人格魅力，但在剧情之中则是其处事的变通和远识让人扼腕。再如《贞观飞歌》、《郑和下西洋》等，唐国强饰演的李世民和朱棣，均能处事不乱、举重若轻，简直不是真实世界的政治家的形象可比拟！现实中也难以寻找！但是我要说，在历史长河中，的确有如此通识远见、棋路卓异的政治家。他们强烈意识到，变法图强的明理！甚至于天下大不韪中游刃有余，滴血不沾、滴血不响！
在生活之中，每个人都有局限，谁又能破局呢？冰释疆局、棋开新局？难！许多人终老而不悟！许多事终老而萦怀！许多命终老而无常！为什么在青春的时候不知道破格变通？对所有于世无所用心、于事无所持力者，不如铺设出一张苏秦、车胤的虚拟课桌，用现代之电子技术制造效果，用信息之传播方式广为通用，苟如此，或可除弊补身。如果此为疗养之极至，愿倡之为业！但此为妄想，但姑论已有意识，却又无可何！于是再次发现，人性的弱点加上命运的安排，终要无可“变通”啊！
－－晨起“炊事”，“恨”父母再次“指手划脚”，以其阶层影响我过甚，遂相气！此为今日心里之大不快事！人欲思变、路求思通，克进，再难，克进，再难，再克进，唯此，示诸己！

以Seneca塞内卡的命运观观国脉、股运和人命

2009-02-23T18:59:00.000-08:00

Fate leads the willing and drags along the unwilling.
Seneca
不管你愿不愿意，命运的锭镆列车滚滚向前。
塞内卡

【姑布评议】初看此言，头脑电愣。竟怀疑原版之真无确否了！于是去搜对，发现一句奇妙的译言：
“不愿者，拖曳之——命运如此行事而已。”并有后话：所谓历史必然性的铁律，并不以个人意志为转移，康德曾经慨叹对于这样的历史，只有名之以“大自然的计划”，否则不可思议。

乃知此言大！无论做什么都要顺势、顺时或顺市而为。早数月前我就想，中国的股民如此之多，逐利的资金迟早会将股市捧红，想不到节后出现了一轮独立于世的行情。节前我以为自己抽身而走矣，想不到我是在浪费机会，不过，这仅仅是投机，也无所谓！毕竟，私以为还仅仅是资金的热炒，看不明白也是一种境界！这应该是一个尚未结束的熊市，为什么不能顺之而小炒？可是，我又失去了快速翻身的机会。我真不情愿，但行情图已经描绘出来，我要做的就是向前看，不能在乎错失一轮，置名利于身外！历史就像股市，也滚滚向前，还有不断涨跌的晴雨表，等待着投机分子的进进出出。中国的股市就像中国的经济和政治，已经不能在教科书码对那一双破鞋，我们要做的不仅是与世界同步，而且要让我们自己的生活壮丽多彩；前几周，俺也消费太剧，数百数百地购物，在内心深处感觉中国的消费环境和消费结构在发生惊人的变化，未来的发展不可限量，如此生动的事相，每一个中国公民都应该自信，在科学的引导下正确消费和投资，于国于民于己无不快乐而幸福，这就是我们的历史，不容置疑！

【名家档案】
Seneca on Life
Seneca had a lot to say about life and in a letter to his friend Paulinus, he goes on to talk of those who are overcome by fear and therefore make their lives appear very short.“But life is very short and anxious for those who forget the past, neglect the present and fear the future. When they come to the end of it, the poor wretches realize too late that for all this time they have been preoccupied in doing nothing. And the fact that they sometimes invoke death is no proof that their lives seem long. Their own folly afflicts them with restless emotions which hurl themselves upon the very things they fear…They lose the day waiting for the night and the night in fearing the dawn. Even their pleasures are uneasy and made anxious by various fears, and at the very height of their rejoicing the worrying thought steals over them: ‘How long will this last?’ This feeling has caused kings to bewail their power…”
Posted by Anna at Thursday, August 25, 2005

2 comments:
Anonymous said...
His attitude to life is very sensible. Onr cannot control all of the events surrounding us. It is best to control what we can, and abdicate those things that are outside of our power. People should always realize that they can only influence others superficially, and that most attitudes and desires are embedded from an early age,with scant possibility of change. The key here is working with issues we can influence and being realistic about the limitations on power, And finally, how crucial it is to recognize the destructive power of ego and work to control it accordingly.

草品Popplestone的智慧论

2009-02-13T00:12:00.000-08:00

Your brain shall be your servant instead of your master. You will rule it instead of allowing it to rule you.
Charles E. Popplestone
你的智慧可以是你的仆佣而能是你的主人。你要统治它而不是允许它控制你。
理查斯·E·波波尔斯通
【姑布评议】自打成为开化之人，以为自己有些眼光了，想不到实践证明就经不起一榔头的。我们的智慧有时候可笑或无稽之极，所谓聪明反被聪明误！无论做什么，一定要认识得智慧，明白哪一部分是天赋，哪一部分是性情，哪一部分是苦功，它们一起成为了什么，不是谈资，而是快乐生活和有意义人生的利器。当然，小智胜大智的情形比较无聊，但大智之人小愚害节，也是最常见不过。在这个世界上，实际上我们都在犯大小不同的错，并且还以敢冒天下之大不韪自居其是；当然，最怕不是不犯错误，为了正确的方向和荣华的理想，不得不走许多的弯路，但最怕的就是没有从错误中汲取教训，或也不能从正确的经验中举一隅而三隅反，则不可谓大智！大智者，有于世愕愕者，有于世不争者，但求于身于人有大益大德大学。我现在可以自豪地说，我有一种对事物的洞察能力，但是我得承认，面对那些伟大的理想、情操，我现在所拥有的，无非小智之介屑耳！姑塞观察，草行评议！牛年第二周，希望还有不息为评议的习惯力！
附-------------------------------------------
Quotes By:
Charles E. Popplestone

Quotes: "You can really have everything you want, if you go after it, but you will have to want it. The desire for success must be so strong within you that it is the very breath of your life -- your first though when you awaken in the morning, your last thought when you go to bed at night..." "You must be resolutely determined that whatever you do shall always be the best of which you are capable." "Mistakes are stepping stones to success." "Those who commence deliberately. They plod on. They stick to it. They persevere and finally reap their rewards." "You have to do it yourself, no one else will do it for you. You must work out your own salvation." "The successful man is prosperous, because he has developed ninety-five percent of his ability. The failure is poor, because only five percent of his natural talents have been utilized."
---------------------------------------------
"Your brain shall be your servant instead of your master. You will rule it instead of allowing it to rule you." -- Charles E. Popplestone

从塔西佗Tacitus 论法治想到党国之风习

2009-02-01T20:10:00.000-08:00

The more numerous the laws, the more corrupt the state.
Tacitus
法律越蕃多，国家越腐败。
塔西佗

【姑布评议】
此言若用于证券投资市场－－扩而言之，用于金融化的市场经济社会－－将会是何种情况？！中国的证券投资相关法律据说还是极不完善，但是投资人都普遍认为阴暗、感性和历史的规则似乎在起作用。此乃鄙人一悟！中国的部门法很多了，多得没有一个体现正义和效率等法之价值的“规则”！君不见部门利益、职能叠架和官僚作风，于现行机制中无孔不入，中国的政治体制远未达到法治的高度，我们的一些高瞻远瞩的领导人正在关切，但是私人以为力度还是远远不够！每个机关到处都有篮子、家族、私利、出卖、侵占等丑恶形象！比如公车私用、公款吃喝、公费差旅，其中的猫腻都只有利益小集团知道！这是很可悲的。并且还不至于此，反映到用人处人方面，我国我党之大量腐化异化甚至变态分子祸国殃民的行为将何时而止？！等到我们的人民醒悟和理智之后，那些人事权、行政许可权甚至司法权将面临着激烈地争斗，一方面必然要受到来自民主的监督，另一方面既得利益者千方百计阻挠、变通和转化！虽然外国的制度的的确确不适宜我们的自身建设和发展，可怜我国人党人哪有毛邓江胡之一丝点觉悟？！此大舟也，有大朽木，久积必终一日而突发，于法治主张者岂不惊惕乎？！

【名家档案】

Cornelius Tacitus (c. A.D. 56 - c. 120) is considered the greatest of the ancient historians. He writes about maintaining neutrality in his writing. A student of the grammarian Quintilian, Tacitus wrote:
De vita Iulii Agricolae 'The Life of Julius Agricola
De origine et situ Germanorum 'The Germania'
Dialogus de oratoribus 'Dialogue on Oratory' 'Histories'
Ab excessu divi Augusti 'Annals' .
Full name, Marcus Claudius Tacitus; name as Emperor, Imperator Caesar Marcus Claudius Tacitus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus.[[1]] We have no reliable information on the earlier career of the Emperor Tacitus. All that is known with any degree of certainty is that in 273 he was consul along with Julius Placidianus.[[2]] All the statements in the Historia Augusta regarding Tacitus' earlier career, including the claim he was related to the historian Tacitus, have been rejected by historians as fictitious.[[3]] The most reliable sources for Tacitus' reign, Zosimus and Zonaras, state that he was chosen Emperor by the army following the assassination of Aurelian in the fall of 275, most likely in November.[[4]] At the time of his elevation he was in Interamna (modern Terni, about 60 miles north of Rome). From there he made his way to Rome where he was confirmed as Emperor by the Senate.[[5]] Tradition has it that he was 75 years old at the time, but there is no way to confirm this.[[6]]
As Emperor, Tacitus first had Aurelian deified, then seized and executed many individuals involved in plotting Aurelian's murder.[[7]] Tacitus then turned his attention to the defense of the Empire. Although the Franks, Alamanni, and Longiones posed threats in the north, Tacitus determined that the greater danger lay in the East.[[8]] Aurelian had enlisted the aid of several barbarian tribes, including the Heruli and Maeotidae (referred to as Scythians in the sources), for a projected invasion of Parthia.[[9]] Aurelian's murder cancelled these plans. Feeling cheated of their opportunity for plunder, the tribes attacked the Roman provinces in Asia Minor, overrunning Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia and Cilicia, and caused terrible destruction.[[10]] Tacitus appointed his half-brother Florian Praetorian Prefect. They campaigned in the East against the invaders, winning Tacitus the title Gothicus Maximus.[[11]]
Tacitus, however, did not long enjoy his victory: on his way back to Europe, he died. Zosimus and Zonaras preserve the report that Tacitus had appointed a relative of his, Maximinus, as governor of Syria. Maximinus was murdered; then the assassins, fearing Tacitus's reaction, murdered him. It was alleged that some of them had also had a hand in murdering Aurelian.[[12]] The Historia Augusta more eccentrically reports that Tacitus became ill with a fever and started showing signs of megalomania: but as the month September Tacitus allegedly wanted named after himself dates his accession incorrectly, the story appears to be a fabrication.[[13]] Tacitus died some time in June of 276.[[14]] His memory was neither condemned nor deified.
Tacitus held the consulship at least twice, first in 273 and again in 276.[[15]] There is numismatic evidence of a third consulship but there is no record of a third in any of the fasti, that is, the lists of consuls.[[16]] Because of the paucity of the sources and the brevity of his reign, little can be said of his policies. It is unlikely that the military would choose as Emperor anyone like the contemplative, abstemious civilian the Historia Augusta portrays.[[17]] A hint may be given by the fact that Tacitus's colleague in the consulship of 273, Julius Placidianus, commanded an army corps in Narbonensis and later went on to be a Praetorian Perfect.[[18]] Nevertheless, some numismatic and epigraphic evidence suggests that Tacitus sought to strike a milder tone than his predecessor. Prominent among his coin legends is Clementia Temporum.[[19]] Unlike both Aurelian and Tacitus' successor, Probus, Tacitus did not take the title, deus et dominus natus ["born god and master"].[[20]] He also issued no Sol Invictus coins honoring Aurelian's favorite deity.[[21]] Some of his coins revive the SC (senatus consulto) marking senatorial authority for the issue, which had been missing in previous reigns. Tacitus also used the Genius Senatus, inscriptions which had disappeared under Valerian.[[23]] Further, in some inscriptions he is styled auctor verae libertatis ["originator of true liberty"], and on coins restitutor rei publicae ["restorer of the state"].[[22]]
Historiography
Tacitus largely fell out of the ancient historiographical record. The best sources are Zosimus and Zonaras. The Historia Augusta creates its own fiction of Tacitus out of forged documents, bogus names and faulty chronology.[[24]] Tacitus deserved better than oblivion or fabrication, having halted potentially serious raiding in the East.[[25]]
Two problems emerge from the evidence for Tacitus's short reign. The first is the six-month interregnum said to have intervened between the death of Aurelian and Tacitus' accession. The years 260-285 have been the subject of close chronological scrutiny, and it has been shown that, although there might have been a brief interval between emperors (something not uncommon), amounting to a few weeks, anything longer is not possible.[[26]] The error appears to have originated in the Latin historians, who confused the duration of Tacitus' and Florian's reign with the brief period between the reigns of Aurelian and Tacitus.[[27]]
The second question is whether or not the edict of the Emperor Gallienus, which had excluded senators from military commands and any other dealings with the military, was set aside during the reigns of Tacitus and Florian.[[28]] Aurelius Victor reports that Gallienus, acting largely through fear of revolts and usurpation, replaced the senators in military offices with Equites. Several passages in the Historia Augusta claim that these edicts were suspended for the duration of the reigns of Tacitus and Florian. The overwhelming consensus among historians, however, is that the passages in the Historia Augusta are unhistorical: no credible evidence suggests that Gallienus' edicts were even temporarily set aside.[[29]]
Bibliography
Primary Sources:
Chastagnol, André (tr.). Histoire Auguste. Paris, 1994.
Cohen, Henry. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire romain. Paris & London, 1880-1892.
Dessau, Hermann. Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae. Berlin, 1892.
Festy, Michel (ed.). Pseudo-Aurelius Victor, Abrégé des Césars. Paris, 1999.
Grenfell, Bernard; Hunt, Arthur. "Horoscope of Sarapammon." The Oxyrhynchus Papyri. Part II. No. 1476. London, 1916.
________. Oxyrhynchus Papyri. Vol XII. No. 1409. London, 1916.
Hazzard, J.C. (ed.). Eutropius. New York, 1898.
Liebenam, Willy (ed.). Fasti Consulares Imperii Romani. Bonn, 1909.
Magie, D. (ed.). Scriptores Historiae Augustae. Cambridge, MA, 1982.
Mommsen, T. (ed.) Monumenta Germania Historica. 9.1. Chronica Minora. Chron, A.D. 354; Laterculus Polemii Silvii. Berlin, 1892.
Paschoud, F. (ed.). Histoire Nouvelle [par] Zosime. Paris, 1971.
Rea, J.R. "The Corn Dole Archive." Oxyrhynchus Papyri. Vol. 90. London, 1972.
Zonaras, Annales (12.27). ed. M. Pinder. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae. Bonn, 1844.
Modern Works:
Alföldi, Andreas. Die monarchische Repräsentation im römischen Kaiserreiche. Darmstadt, 1970.
Anderson, J.G.C. "The Genesis of Diocletian's Provincial Re-Organization." The Journal of Roman Studies. Vol. XXII (1932). Pp. 24-32.
Baynes, Norman. The Historia Augusta: Its Date and Purpose. Oxford, 1926.
________. "Three Notes on the Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine." Journal of Roman Studies. Vol. XV (1925) Pp. 195ff.
Den Hengst, Daniel. "Some Notes on the Vita Taciti." In Giorgio Bonamente and François Paschoud (eds.), Historiae Augustae Colloquium Genevense. Bari, 1994.
Gilliam, J.F. "The Governors of Syria Coele from Severus to Diocletian," AJP, 89 (1958).
Groag, Edmund and Arthur Stein. "Imp. Caesar M. Claudius Tacitus Augustus." Prosopographia Imperii Romani. Part II. Claudius, No. 1036. Berlin, 1936.
Hohl, Ernst. "Vopiscus und die Biographie des Kaisers Tacitus." Klio. Vol 11 (1911).
Jones, A.H.M., Martindale, J.R. Morris, J. "M. Claudius Tacitus," p. 873; "M. Annius Florianus," p. 367. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire. Cambridge, 1971.
Jones, Tom B. "Three Notes on the Reign of Marcus Claudius Tacitus". Classical Philology vol. xxxiv (1939). Pp. 366-369.
Keyes, Clinton W. The Rise of the Equites. Princeton, 1915.
Kienast, Dietmar. Römische Kaisertabelle: Grundzüge römischen Kaiserchronologie. Darmstadt, 1990.
Kramer, Ida and Tom Jones . "Tribunicia Potestate: A.D. 270-285." American Journal of Philology. Vol. lxiv (1943).
Merton, Elke W. Stellenbibliographie zur Historia Augusta. 4 vols. Bonn, 1987.
Peachin, Michael. Roman Imperial Titulature and Chronology, A.D. 235-284. Amsterdam, 1990.
Stein, Arthur. "Zur Chronolgie der römischen Kaiser". Archiv für Papyrusforschung. Vol 7. Berlin, 1924.
Stein, Arthur. "Tacitus." Paulys Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Vol. 3, cols. 2872-2881 (Claudius No. 361). Stuttgart, 1899.
Syme, Ronald. Emperors and Biography. Oxford, 1971.
________. Historia Augusta Papers. Oxford, 1983.
Notes:
[[1]]Arthur Stein, "Claudius (no. 361)," Paulys Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, (Stuttgart 1899) [hereafter PW], vol. 3, cols. 2872ff; Theodor Mommsen, ed., Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum [hereafter CIL], vol. VIII Supp. 18844.
[[2]] Willy Liebenam (ed.), Fasti Consulares Imperii Romani (Bonn, 1909), Year 273; CIL VIII, 18844.
[[3]] Edmund Groag & Arthur Stein, Prosopographia Imperii Romani [hereafter PIR], Pars II (Berlin, 1936), p. 251, no. 1036: "A Cornelis Tacitus rerum Sciptore Orgininem trahit Vita," 10.3, originem absurde. Also, Dietmar Keinast, Römische Kaisertabelle (Darmstadt, 1996), p. 247.
[[4]]Arthur Stein, "Zur Chronologie der römischen Kaiser," Archiv für Papyrusforschung 7 (1924), p. 46. Aurelian died in November 275, and Tacitus was probably emperor by December 10, 275 and no later than January 1, 276. Also Michael Peachin, Roman Imperial Titulature and Chronology, A.D. 235-284, (Amsterdam, 1990), p. 92; PIR p. 252 No. 1036.
[[5]] David Magie, The Scriptores Historiae Augustae (Cambridge, MA, Loeb edition) "Vita Taciti," vii.5 [hereafter, SHA, Vita]; Zonaras, Annales, XII.28, ed. M. Pinder, Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae (Bonn, 1844).
[[6]]SHA, Vita Taciti, VII. 5; Zonaras XII. 28. See, however, Ronald Syme, Emperors and Biography (Oxford, 1971) p. 271. Syme casts substantial doubt over the entire portrayal of Tacitus by the Latin Historians.
[[7]] SHA, Vita Taciti, XIII 1-2.
[[8]] German attacks are mentioned in the SHA, Vita Taciti, III.4. Tacitus's successor, Probus, campaigned along the German border.
[[9]] SHA, Vita Taciti, XII.2-4; Zosimus, 1.63.1; Zonaras, XII.28.
[[10]] See Magie, SHA, Vita Taciti, p. 318 note 3.
[[11]] Appoints his brother prefect, Zonaras, XII.29; victory: Zonaras XII.20; Zosimus I.63; SHA, Vita, XIII.2; CIL XII 5563; Herman Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae [hereafter, Dess.], (Berlin, 1936) vol. 1, 591; Henry Cohen, Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire romain (Paris & London, 1880-1892), Tacitus, Victoria Gothica: pp. 157-164, Mars Ultor: pp. 55-58, Victoria Aug. pp. 150-156, Victoria Perpetua: pp. 123-124.
[[12]]Zosimus, I.63.2; Zonaras XII.28; J.F. Gilliam, "The Governors of Syria Coele from Severus to Diocletian," AJP, 89 (1958).
[[13]]SHA, Vita Taciti, XIII.6.
[[14]] Arthur Stein, Archiv für Papyrusforschung, Vol. VII (1924) p. 46 note 5. The latest known dates for Tacitus from papyri are P. Oxy VI 907 June 7, 276; Wessely Text GR. 74 June 23, 276; and P. Strassb. 8 June 8, 276.
[[15]]Op. cit. Leibman (Fasti), p. 271 (276 A.D.)
[[16]]H. Webb, The Roman Imperial Coinage, vol 5, pt.1 (London, 1923)[hereafter, RIC]. A third consulship appears on coins from Ticinum, Tacitus 120-121. The possibilities are discussed J.R. Rea, "The Corn Dole Archive," Oxyrhynchus Papyri. vol XL (1972) pp. 27-28.
[[17]] Ronald Syme, Emperors and Biography (Oxford, 1971), p. 247. "...Nothing precludes the hypothesis that Tacitus was a known and eligible character to generals and officers at Caenophrurium... When Tacitus acceded to power, the Danubian armies... made no stir...Tacitus, if the truth could be known, was perhaps one of the Danubian military. He was extracted from his retirement in Campania by the call of duty and the recognition of old friends."
[[18]] Ibid., Syme; Dess. 569; PIR 468.
[[19]] R.A.G. Carson, Coins of the Roman Empire (London & New York, 1990), p. 124.
[[20]] Tom B. Jones, "Three Notes on the Reign of Marcus Claudius Tacitus," Classical Philology, XXXIV (1939), p. 367.
[[21]] Ibid.
[[22]]VERAE LIBERTATIS AUCTOR, CIL XII 5563; REISTITVT. REIPVBLICAE b , Cohen, Tacitus, 107.
[[23]] Andreas Alföldi, Die monarchische Repräsentation im römischen Kaiserreiche (Darmstadt, 1980), p. 135; RIC vol. 5. p. 333 no. 75; pp. 346-347, nos. 205 and 209. SC, Cohen. "Tacitus," nos. 3, 116, 117, 120 et. al..
[[24]]Daniel Den Hengst, "Some Notes on the Vita Taciti," Historiae Augusta Colloquium Genevense (Bari, 1994): p. 104, quantifies, "...less than 10% of the lines deal with facts attested elsewhere"; Syme, op. cit.(1983): p. 214, "...none of the names [in the biography] is genuine save those of emperors."
[[25]] Ronald Syme, Historia Augusta Papers, (Oxford, 1983) p.116. The major themes the author uses the biography for are "...hostility to hereditary monarchy, boy emperors, eunuchs, bureaucrats."
[[26]]Stein, op. cit. See note 4.
[[27]] Syme, op. cit. (1971), pp. 237-238.
[[28]] Michael Festy (ed.), Pseudo-Aurelius Victor, Abrégé des Césars (Paris, 1999), 33,33 "...senatum militia vetuit et adire exercitum."
[[29]]Vita Taciti, 19.2-4; and Vita Probi, 13.1. The veracity of the statements was accepted by L. Homo, "L'empereur Gallien et la crise de l'empire romain au iiie Sieclè," Revue Historique, cxiii (1913), pp. 1-22; 225-267. But this view was convincingly argued against by Norman Baynes, "Three Notes on the Reforms of Diocletian & Constantine," Journal of Roman Studies, xv (1925): esp. pp. 198-199; J.G.C. Anderson, "The Genesis of Diocletian's Provincial Re-Organization," Journal of Roman Studies xxii (1932): esp. pp. 27-28. Also see Clinton W. Keyes, The Rise of the Equites in the Third Century of the Roman Empire, (Princeton 1932), pp. 36-37; and Lukas de Blois, The Policy of the Emperor Gallienus (Leiden, 1976), esp. pp. 39-89.
Copyright (C) 2000, Robin Mc Mahon. This file may be copied on the condition that

猫色可黑白，人神幸难裁：也来纪念邓老和改革开放三十周年

2008-12-19T22:26:00.000-08:00

虽然他只有5ft (152cm)身高,但他是中国乃至全球亘古未有现代化、信息化建设事业的伟大的设计师。我想怎样赞颂我心中的英雄都不为过！外国媒体常以“a towering figure”、他带领中国人民走向富裕，使中国成为了“ an economic powerhouse”。一句惊世骇俗的 “不管黑猫白猫，能捉老鼠的就是好猫”（英译本为："I don't care if the cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice"），正体现了我们这个时代最伟大的政治领袖人物的无限睿智！

　　我们的时代，可以产生种种前史摹本未曾描绘过的美丽图景！我现在最想说的和满脑子充斥着的是一份美丽情感：我们的时代本身就是一个很令人激动不已的时代。一则经历过30年改革开放的波澜壮阔的中华经济腾飞的时期；二则，思前鉴往，亦可知万物有征，千年而下，鸟禽鱼兽尚有小小异化，看到的是万类霜天竞自由！然而人类就像一驾马车时代的火车，刚刚物是人非！我昨天在QQ的签名激动地写出了我的所谓的“深刻的认识”----它又那么纯朴简显----"亘古未有的世界！没有哪一代祖先像我这样幸福：给自己设计符号，全身电子产品！KU！"！数月前也曾与父亲说过我的所谓“发现”，父亲“不敏”，一生劳顿无成，所以他一定是激动不起来。想“不到世界会这样改天换地！五十年前或三十年前，我们看不到电子信息这层生活迷彩服的魔力，也不明白劳动保障、民主自治、名牌护理、电影电视和种种艺术生活，百年前的马大褂在人们的视野中仿佛比秦皇汉武的时代更晦暗难看，读了一千年的古典一个翻身掺和起格物致知的风暴等级！！！百年前千年前，冷兵器和农业的时代已经正在整体告别，仿佛人类在第三四个阶梯之上一下子明朗了好多的东西！以前那几个阶梯竟还要达尔文氏和考古科学证明，哪位王公贵干明白世界的大势所趋？！所以有“尚书”的一系列考辩！还以为尧舜禹时代如何地英明匡代！一定读得一知半解！而现在竟会如此地斗转星移----斗转星移尚可往复！而人类已不可能走回头路！----百千年前的文武兼资的恺撒和刘彻，早知人类要如此发展，会有21C的那种一日千里的黄金发展大气象，又何不释放所有的臣工仆徒，诏告天下尽快发明蒸汽和网络？！虽然他们在有生之年应未可期，我想他们也会那样做的！就这样，我们是不是还很糊涂地迎来了美丽绝仑的21世纪？！再一个角度说吧，我们都是人类社会活动中最幸运的一代，并且我们的未来正不知有多少美妙的故事！这还不值得好好激动吗？！要我说，我已经激动不已！可能要为此而激动在生命的全过程！”于是，我将上述这样的想法又告诉了我的对面老同事搭档。老同事毕竟是同辈中上智之人，乃我乡中当年又当兵又当官的一个小样板，是有一些感觉细胞的；真如我所料想，他也的确被俺说的一番大彻大悟和激动起来！

　　就拿这份激动来为我们的邓老和邓老师激动吧！也算我在改革开放三十周年的一次精神经历！与国同庆！

----猫色可黑白，人神幸难裁：也来纪念邓老和改革开放三十周年

俾斯麦之法律与香肠炮制：国仕民父之道

2008-12-04T00:50:00.000-08:00

If you like laws and sausages, you should never watch either one being made.
Otto Von Bismarck
如果你喜欢法律和香肠，你从不会看到它们是怎样被泡制出来的。
奥托·冯·俾斯麦

【姑布评议】

人间有许多技艺擅长之家，即为专家行手！是为我最欣羡者吧！就从政之人，怀诸古今列国，Bismarck无疑是几个我最憧憬和崇拜的“能手”！我们的单位有许多匪夷所思的“能手”，他们的进步我也看到了：组成了考察团周游列国了，十天一程的美加之旅，六个狼狈为奸的地方高级官员花销达六十多万元！他们能我们做些什么事呢！一步步都是猎取功名，目的只在于个人享受则了！而真正的治国怀远之人，像俾斯麦公古今实寥寥无几！不必问他是否口口不离“爱民如子”否，不必问他曾对于社会主义做何钳制相逼否，但问国强民富否？！此是要道！如果要问法律和香肠是如何泡制出来的，我想绝非立法者闭门造车，也非喜欢权谋的纯粹个人亨利主义者所能知道，因为它们不是投机分子的产物，而是从社会的发展为业，从不会思虑今日何得猖狂、明日何得逃亡！可笑多少所谓自鸣得意的官员！该杀该剐犹有不足，何以能制造为人所喜欢的法律和香肠！

【名家档案】

Order 'Bismarck - The Iron Chancellor' online at Haus Publishing and save 20%.

Otto von Bismarck (1815-98) has gone down in the history as 'Iron Chancellor', a rectionary and a militarist whose unification of Germany in 1871 set Europe on the road to the desaster of the First World War. Yet as this comprehensive study shows, the real Bismarck was a much more complicated figure than this traditional stereotype suggests. the 'Founder of The Reich' had been an opponent of liberal German nationalism; after the wars of 1866 and 1870, Bismarck spent the rest of his career to preserve peace in Europe to protect the Reich he had created; and the reactionary enemy of socialism introduced comprehensive health and unemployment insurance for German workers.

Bismarck and the Unification of Germany
otto von Bismarck

Prince Otto Edward Leopold von Bismarck was the mastermind of German Unification and was the first chancellor of the united nation. Bismarck caused Germany to transform from a loose net of 39 states into the strongest industrial nation of Europe. The unification of Germany had a tremendous impact on European balance of powers for the rest of history. For nearly 30 years Bismarck dominated Germany and European politics.
Germany before Unification
Before Bismarck came into power, the Congress of Vienna formed the Germany Confederation, which was really a collection of small states ruled by minor dukes, princes and kings. Revolutions in nearly every German State occurred. Rebels forced rulers to accept Constitutions, and allow elections to the German National Assembly in Frankfurt. In May 1848, shortly after the revolutionary outbreak in Berlin, delegates from all of the German states met at the Frankfurt Assembly to prepare for the formation of a united and constitutional German nation-state. The Frankfurt constitution established Germany as a federal union, which was to be headed by a monarch having a title. After the failure of the Frankfurt Assembly, a disagreement between moderate and radical liberals started and the German Confederation was renewed in 1851. Fredric Wilhelm IV died in 1861 leaving King Wilhelm I of Prussia to the throne. A year later Otto von Bismarck was appointed Prime minister of Prussia.
Bismarck and his Political Tactics
Bismarck's ultimate goal was to unite the German states into a strong German Empire with Prussia as its core. On September 30, 1862 Bismarck made his famous blood and iron speech, which implied that if Germany was to unify it would be with the use of military force. He hated liberalism, democracy and socialism. Following his speech, he dismissed the budget proposal and ordered the bureaucracy to collect taxes. This money would go to military use, and Bismarck would expand and strengthen the Prussian armies. These armies would than be used in three wars which Bismarck devised to unify the country.
A. The Danish War: 1864- 1865
Liberals in Germany had always wanted to separate Schleswig-Holstein from Denmark. Prussia joined forces with Austria and sent an ultimatum to Denmark on January 16, 1864 demanding a withdrawal of the former constitution, which incorporated Schleswig in Denmark within 48 hours or face military action. At this point, Denmark looked to the European powers for military support but received none. Denmark was beat by Prussian and Austrian military forces. Following their victory, the treaty of Gastein was created to compromise who ruled which lands. The treaty stated Prussia controlled Schleswig and Austria controlled Holstein.
B. Prussian Austrian War: 1866
For several years Bismarck had predicted a war with Austria. His governing policy from 1863 to 1866 was based around this war. One example of this plan was when Prussia made an alliance with Italy, stating that they would help Prussia if war broke out within the next 3 months. When the war actually did brake out, no other German states came to Prussia's aid. Bismarck also persuaded Russia to remain neutral. Austria was isolated and appeared very weak. Ordering his troops to march into the Holestein, an Austrian territory, provoked the country into declaring war. After isolating Austria from France and Russia and receiving Italy's help in a defensive war against the province, Bismarck was ready for his last step in enticing Austria to war. He proposed a unified Germany under the kleindeutsch plan to the Frankfurt Assembly. Under this plan he purposely excluded Austria from the German affairs. This action was what finally forced Austria to attack Prussia.
Most German states chose to side with Austria in the war against Prussia because they felt they were defending their independence. However, Prussia with Bismarck's military intelligence was victorious. Following their victory, Bismarck set up peaceful treaties with Austria to remain as future allies. Prussia joined with Northern German states to form the North German confederation. This was formed in 1867, and created a new powerful German state. Bismarck granted equal manhood suffrage and the budget control switched over to Parliament. The German states were allowed to govern themselves but they still were under the influence of the German Emperor. This pleased many Germans because it was a step towards total German Unification and it also granted Prussia more power.

After three wars Bismarck finished his plan and totally unified Germany.
C. Franco-Prussian war
Through the course of the Austrian-Prussian war, Bismarck made a territorial agreement with France in turn for neutrality, but he never intended on keeping his part of the deal. Bismarck's final step to unification was war with France, but first he had to manipulate countries to be on his side. After this victory, Prussia could then unify Germany once and for all. Bismarck provoked a patriotic war with France by mocking the French in a letter which was later printed in newspapers. The letter vexed nationalistic feelings, causing France to declare war on Prussia. Southern and Northern German states along with Prussia combined their powers to defeat the French army. Although Bismarck was pleasant to Austria, this was not the case towards the French. He brutally punished the already weak country with the Treaty of Frankfurt and took vitally important land from them. This created bad feelings among the French towards the Germans and later created problems.
UNIFICATION

Bismarck's victory led to the support he needed from his people to create a united Germany. In general the constitution stayed the same as Northern Germany's before unification; Bismarck only made a few changes. The three major changes were a German national Parliament, the Reichstag was now elected by the German people, and Germany developed a federal council. Also the country now had budgetary rights, but could not overthrow the government. Bismarck had succeeded in making Prussia in control of all-important decisions. An example of this is that each German State still had separate armies, but the armies were under Prussian order. Although Germans were pleased with unification, the rest of Europe felt that Germany was going to offset the European balance of power. The Unification of Germany made it a European power along with France, great Britain, Austria, the united states, and Russia. By Germany gaining power it allowed Bismarck to control most of Europe. Germany economically had a major impact and Bismarck's foreign policy created an intricate map of alliances preventing Germany to enter any wars after unification.

this is a map of the German Empire in 1871 the time of unification. Germany is outlined in red
The German empire in 1871 is highlighted in the map above. this also shows what this part of Europe looked like at this time.
German Nationalism
Nationalism, a feeling of loyalty towards one's country, differed from German nationalism. Bismarck used wars to cause national unity within Germany but these nationalistic feelings soon disappeared once the country was actually unified. There were several different types of people located in Germany, all of them containing different views on the how the Empire should be ruled. Bismarck was apart of the Junkers or upper class, who supported militarism, and didn't like universal suffrage because it was a threat on their way of life. On the other hand, Southern German states embraced a liberal constitution, and a movement towards democracy grew in this region.
Politics were not the only difference; religion broke down nationalism as well. Catholics who lived in the Empire felt uncomfortable living in a Protestant dominated environment. They soon created their own political party, the Center Party. This party opposed many of Bismarck's ideas and enticed him to make restrictions on Catholic education and work. Both Protestants and Catholics disliked Bismarck for putting restrictions on religion.
Along with confinements on religion Bismarck started putting restriction on politics. He created anti- socialist laws, which banned Socialism, prohibited the printing of Socialist ideas and Socialist meetings. All of these restrictions prove that German Nationalism was credited to the three wars but after these wars were won, Germany's many differences shone brightly through the country's seeping cracks.
Foreign Policy
Bismarck made Germany the strongest military power on the continent. Geographically Germany was between large military powers. Bismarck had to be sure no country would attack Germany. This caused him to create a secret alliance with Austria-Hungary and a triple treaty including Russia, Austria and Germany: otherwise known as the Alliance of three Emperors. The new country stayed out of the imperialistic race with Africa and Asia to keep peace between the other European countries. Eventually it did get into the imperialistic race but under Bismarck's rule Germany maintained a solid foreign policy.

A map of the five great powers. Bismarck after unifying Germany tried to keep good relations with these countries.

Cause to WW1
Bismarck united Germany, but later on the country he united would cause the First World War. One example of how Bismarck caused World War One relates to the French. Germany, after defeating the French in the Franco-Prussian war, they utterly humiliated them through the Treaty of Frankfort. After this treaty the French people had sour feelings towards Germany. The country had created this treaty to make sure the French would never attack Prussia again but the opposite occurred. This treaty, in the end probably caused the French to stand up to Germany in World War One. Bismarck manipulated several countries during this time and bad feelings just don't go away. after unification Bismarck's next goal was to prevent Germany from entering any other wars. His foreign policy created alliances which was a major long term cause of WW1. These alliances created tension within the continent and allowed Europe to get into a world war situation.
Bibliography

Otto von Bismarck
Graf Otto von Bismarck, Fürst von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Herzog von Lauenburg,geb. 01.04.1815 in Schönhausen, gest. 30.07.1898 in Friedrichsruh.Gründer und erster Kanzler des Deutschen Reiches.Reichskanzler von 1871 bis 1890,genannt »Der Eiserne Kanzler« Sosehr Bismarck sich in der Außenpolitik zu einem Staatsmann von Weltbedeutung entwickelte, unabhängig von den wechselnden Strömungen der Zeit, sowenig konnte er sich in der Innenpolitik von seiner konservativen Herkunft lösen. Bismarck (Bild / Unterschrift) suchte den preußischen Staatsgedanken mit der Nationalbewegung des 19. Jahrhunderts zu verbinden. Der Kulturkampf (1872 - 1878) führte zu einer Schwächung des Staates wie auch des Liberalismus. Bismarcks Kampf gegen die Sozialdemokratie (Sozialistengesetz 1878) hat diese eher gefestigt.Die große Leistung der Sozialgesetzgebung (Kaiserliche Botschaft von 1881) konnte Arbeitertum und Staat nicht versöhnen, zumal Bismarck ihren durch Wilhelm II. geforderten Ausbau zu einer Arbeitsschutzgesetzgebung ablehnte. Bei aller an Bismarck geübten Kritik ist zu bedenken, dass der Außenpolitik sein Hauptinteresse galt und dass hier nicht das Wünschbare, sondern das Mögliche Bismarcks Ziel war (Realpolitik). Eine Außenpolitik gleichen Formats ist seinen Nachfolgern nicht mehr gelungen.Die unwürdige Form seiner Entlassung am 20.3.1890 durch Wilhelm II. wegen persönlicher und sachlicher Differenzen hat Bismarck in offenen Gegensatz zur Regierung des jungen Kaisers gebracht.(Nach "Bertelsmann Lexikothek", Gütersloh 1977 und "Das Große DUDEN-LEXIKON", Mannheim 1969)
Es gibt eine Reihe von Seiten zu Otto von Bismarck.Folgen Sie dazu jeweils dem Link Mehr zu Bismarck
Einen wirklich großen Mann erkennt man an drei Dingen:Großzügigkeit im Entwurf, Menschlichkeit in der Ausführungund Mäßigkeit beim Erfolg.Otto von Bismarck

破烂儿的"叶茂中"式设想：The impossible is often the untried！

2008-11-07T01:30:00.000-08:00

The impossible is often the untried.
Jim Goodwin
不可能通常是未尝试过。
【姑布评议】
今日习书，突发奇想。竟假设了人生－－人生是可以规划的，像商战的一个案例，如棋局的一子险招，希望它不仅仅给予人遐想空间的自由和乐趣，而且可能也就是狂胜之笔！
故事可以这般设计:破烂儿嘛自然衣裳褴褛、衣食无着。然后假设破烂儿有奇趣、致情或远志，则可以为命运多做一次前奏－－而前奏是决定着人生剧情的走向。我想说不是最艰难是怎么可以度过，不是哪一顿饭向狗群争求，不是那一对一直呆呆的天问式的眼球。而是一次理论上都应存在的额外试验！问他为命运可以不可以做得更好？！假如正有我的习书时生发的伟愿和壮感，当然不能像我的一时神思灵感（我的记录就是想要化神思灵感为人生的一种习惯或状态）！－－这必使默默无闻者声名遐迩，麻雀也能变凤凰！于是，每天要有两小时为命运专门铺打的“苦功”（也是一种快乐的至境）－－在时间的流里必须像保家卫国、浴血奋战那样的英雄神圣、英勇、美妙，或强悍之主或温婉之种！则他必可以两个小时习书（这是可以指代的，如习拳练脚），以汲百家之长，常胜钟灵毓秀，则三十年后，四十年后或五十年后，又一“王羲之”，则在当今艺术投资市场愈加发达的机遇里，必能丰衣足食，亦一大美事也！！！此“国宝”又何必重为生计而破烂为？！－－问题就在于捡破烂的总是贪早起晚捡破烂，中间绰绰的时空用于悠游和排遣！可惜了！
再说每个自己，现状又何如？捡破烂的或许有难处，但我们何以不能规划人生好好来过？捡破烂的可以成为书圣、画圣、乐圣或武圣什么的，我们这些在生活物质上比他们优越一倍、十倍和百倍的人，岂不更宜加努力，成为那“唾手可得”的圣物吗？！
【相关名言】

The impossible is often the untried.
Jim Goodwin

We are more ready to try the untried when what we do is inconsequential. Hence the fact that many inventions had their birth as toys.
Eric Hoffer

The Christian ideal has not been tried and found wanting. It has been found difficult and left untried.
Gilbert Keith...

Alice laughed. 'There's no use trying,' she said. 'One can't believe impossible things.' 'I daresay you haven't had much practice,' said the Queen. 'When I was your age, I always did it half an hour a day. Why, sometimes, I've believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast.'
Lewis Carroll

All things are possible until they are proved impossible-even the impossible may only be so, as of now.
Pearl Sydenst...

Writing ought either to be the manufacture of stories for which there is a market demand -- a business as safe and commendable as making soap or breakfast foods -- or it should be an art, which is always a search for something for which there is no market demand, something new and untried, where the values are intrinsic and have nothing to do with standardized values.
Willa Sibert ...

Nothing is impossible for the man who doesn't have to do it himself.
A. H. Weiler

It is impossible to better yourself if you do not know what it means to be better.
Unknown

It's kind of fun to do the impossible.
Walt Disney

To please everybody is impossible were I to undertake it, I should probably please nobody.
George Washin...

By asking for the impossible, obtain the best possible.
Italian Proverb

It is impossible for a man to be cheated by anyone but himself.
Ralph Waldo E...

No one ever gets far unless he accomplishes the impossible at least once a day.
Elbert Hubbard

Act as if it were impossible to fail.
Dorothea Brande

Nothing is impossible. Some things are just less likely than others.
Jonathan Wint...

The only way to discover the limits of the possible is to go beyond them into the impossible.
Arthur C. Cla...

We are an impossibility in an impossible universe.
Ray Bradbury

No matter how cynical you get, it is impossible to keep up.
Lily Tomlin

What we need is more people who specialize in the impossible.
Theodore Roet...

It is often merely for an excuse that we say things are impossible.
Francois de L...

Impossible situations can become possible miracles.
Dr. Robert Sc...

Start by doing what's necessary then do what's possible and suddenly you are doing the impossible.
Saint Francis...

It is impossible to love and to be wise.
Francis Bacon

The first time you do the impossible, it may take a little longer.
Sheila M. Kelly

The word impossible is not in my dictionary.
Napoleon Bona...

I love those who yearn for the impossible.
Johann von Go...

With love and patience, nothing is impossible.
Daisaku Ideda

It is impossible for a man to learn what he thinks he already knows.
Epictetus

The difference between the impossible and the possible lies in determination.
Tommy Lasorda

It is impossible to defeat an ignorant man in argument.
William G. Mc...

Without knowing the force of words, it is impossible to know men.
Confucius

The only place where your dream becomes impossible is in your own thinking.
Dr. Robert Sc...

It is impossible to walk rapidly and be unhappy.
Dr. Howard Mu...

Whoso loves, believes the impossible.
Elizabeth Bar...

If this world were what it seems it should be, it is clear that it would be impossible for one man to enslave another.
Francois Mari...

Music expresses that which cannot be said and on which it is impossible to be silent.
Victor Hugo

Sometimes I've believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast.
Lewis Carroll

To achieve the impossible dream, try going to sleep.
Joan Klempner

It is impossible to please all the world and one's father.
Jean de La Fo...

Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible.
Lord Kelvin

It's practically impossible to look at a penguin and feel angry.
Joe Moore

When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.
Sherlock Holmes

To achieve the impossible, it is precisely the unthinkable that must be thought.
Tom Robbins

It is impossible to live without brains, either one's own or borrowed.
Baltasar Grac...

Accidents, try to change them -- it's impossible. The accidental reveals man.
Pablo Picasso

If an elderly but distinguished scientist says that something is possible, he is almost certainly right but if he says that it is impossible, he is very probably wrong.
Arthur C. Cla...

I have learned to use the word 'impossible' with the greatest caution.
Hal Borland

The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.
Arthur C. Cla...

Man is the only creature that strives to surpass himself, and yearns for the impossible.
Eric Hoffer

...when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.
Conan Doyle

The government is unresponsive to the needs of the little man. Under 5'7, it is impossible to get your congressman on the phone.
Woody Allen

It is impossible to enjoy idling thoroughly unless one has plenty of work to do.
Jerome K. Jer...

Faith is, at one and the same time, absolutely necessary and altogether impossible.
Stanislaw Lem

Accidents, try to change them-it's impossible. The accidental reveals man.
Pablo Picasso

When you have eliminated the impossible, that which remains, however improbable, must be the truth.
Frederick Dou...

Despair is the price one pays for setting oneself an impossible aim.
Henry Graham ...

Without an acquaintance with the rules of propriety, it is impossible for the character to be established.
Confucius

An event has happened, upon which it is difficult to speak, and impossible to be silent.
Edmund Burke

Total absence of humor renders life impossible.
Colette

Faith is the first factor in a life devoted to service. Without it, nothing is possible. With it, nothing is impossible.
Mary McLeod B...

In the face of an obstacle which is impossible to overcome, stubbornness is stupid.
Simone de Bea...

Indeed, man wishes to be happy even when he so lives as to make happiness impossible.
Saint Augustine

Yes, you can be a dreamer and a doer too, if you will remove one word from your vocabulary impossible.
Dr. Robert Sc...

It is impossible to underrate human intelligence--beginning with one's own.
Henry Adams

Accomplishing the impossible means only that the boss will add it to your regular duties.
Doug Larson

Indeed, what is there that does not appear marvelous when it comes to our knowledge for the first time How many things, too, are looked upon as quite impossible until they have been actually effected
Pliny the Elder

Only those who attempt the absurd...will achieve the impossible. I think...I think it's in my basement...Let me go upstairs and check.
M. C. Escher

It is impossible to go through life without trust That is to be imprisoned in the worst cell of all, oneself.
Graham Greene

This became a credo of mine...attempt the impossible in order to improve your work.
Bette Davis

Some of the world's greatest feats were accomplished by people not smart enough to know they were impossible.
Doug Larson

It is impossible for ideas to compete in the marketplace if no forum for their presentation is provided or available.
Thomas Mann

It is impossible to experience one's death objectively and still carry a tune.
Woody Allen

It is an old maxim of mine that when you have excluded the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.
Conan Doyle

It is impossible to imagine Goethe or Beethoven being good at billiards or golf.
H.L. Mencken

It is impossible to travel faster than the speed of light, and certainly not desirable, as one's hat keeps blowing off.
Woody Allen

It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow.
Robert H. God...

What is the first business of one who practices philosophy To get rid of self-conceit. For it is impossible for anyone to begin to learn that which he thinks he already knows.
Epictetus

We lost the American colonies because we lacked the statesmanship to know the right time and the manner of yielding what is impossible to keep.
Elizabeth II

It is clear that thought is not free if the profession of certain opinions makes it impossible to earn a living.
Bertrand Russ...

Men are generally idle, and ready to satisfy themselves, and intimidate the industry of others, by calling that impossible which is only difficult.
Samuel Johnson

Few things are impossible to diligence and skill. Great works are performed not by strength, but perseverance.
Samuel Johnson

All of us failed to match our dreams of perfection. So I rate us on the basis of our splendid failure to do the impossible.
William Faulk...

I tell people I'm too stupid to know what's impossible. I have ridiculously large dreams, and half the time they come true.
Debi Thomas

If you want to touch the other shore badly enough, barring an impossible situation, you will. If your desire is diluted for any reason, you'll never make it.
Diana Nyad

To make inexpensive guns impossible to get is to say that you're putting a money test on getting a gun. It's racism in its worst form.
Roy Innis

It is impossible to trap modern physics into predicting anything with perfect determinism because it deals with probabilities from the outset.
Sir Arthur Ed...

Modern man must descend the spiral of his own absurdity to the lowest point only then can he look beyond it. It is obviously impossible to get around it, jump over it, or simply avoid it.
Vaclav Havel

It's impossible to reach good conclusions with bad information. . . . We're all entitled to our own opinions. But none of us can afford to be wrong in our facts.
Mort Crim

When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth. It is stupidity rather than courage to refuse to recognize danger when it is close upon you.
Conan Doyle

Everything is theoretically impossible, until it is done. One could write a history of science in reverse by assembling the solemn pronouncements of highest authority about what could not be done and could never happen.
Robert Anson ...

It is impossible for a lover of cats to banish these alert, gentle, and discriminating friends, who give us just enough of their regard and complaisance to make us hunger for more.
Agnes Repplier

In the world of human thought generally, and in physical science particularly, the most important and fruitful concepts are those to which it is impossible to attach a well-defined meaning.
H. A. Kramers

All that is necessary to break the spell of inertia and frustration is this Act as if it were impossible to fail. That is the talisman, the formula, the command of right-about-face which turns us from failure towards success.
Dorthea Bragg

We are in favor of tolerance, but it is a very difficult thing to tolerate the intolerant and impossible to tolerate the intolerable.
George Dennis...

Most people who succeed n the face of seemingly impossible conditions are people who simply don't know how to quit.
Dr. Robert Sc...

Again and again, the impossible problem is solved when we see that the problem is only a tough decision waiting to be made.
Dr. Robert Sc...

We can become anything. That is why injustice is impossible here. There may be the accident of birth, there is no accident of death. Nothing forces us to remain what we were.
John Berger

It is impossible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making some other Englishman hate or despise him.
George Bernar...

Human beings are part of nature. Anything they do is natural. It's impossible for anything in nature to do anything unnatural.
Philip Jose F...

It is impossible to make people understand their ignorance for it requires knowledge to perceive it and therefore he that can perceive it hath it not.
Jeremy Taylor

Education makes people easy to lead, but difficult to drive easy to govern, but impossible to enslave.
Henry Peter B...

A resolution to avoid an evil is seldom framed till the evil is so far advanced as to make avoidance impossible.
Thomas Hardy

The young do not know enough to be prudent, and therefore they attempt the impossible, and achieve it, generation after generation.
Pearl Sydenst...

The married are those who have taken the terrible risk of intimacy and, having taken it, know life without intimacy to be impossible.
Carolyn Heilb...

Doing easily what others find difficult is talent doing what is impossible for talent is genius.
Henri Frdric ...

History is not going to be kind to liberals. With their mindless programs, they've managed to do to Black Americans what slavery, Reconstruction, and rank racism found impossible destroy their family and work ethic.
Walter Williams

We've removed the ceiling above our dreams. There are no more impossible dreams.
Libby Houston

It is possible to love your friends, your competitors, and even your enemies. It is hard, bitterly hard, but there is a long distance between hard and impossible.
Herbert Welch

It is difficult to live in the present, ridiculous to live in the future, and impossible to live in the past. Nothing is as far away as one minute ago.
Jim

Women with body image or eating disorders are not a special category, just more extreme in their response to a culture that emphasizes thinness and impossible standards of appearance for women instead of individuality and health.
Gloria Steinem

Before you begin a thing, remind yourself that difficulties and delays quite impossible to foresee are ahead. If you could see them clearly, naturally you could do a great deal to get rid of them but you can't. You can only see one thing clearly and that is your goal. Form a mental vision of that and cling to it through thick and thin.
Kathleen Norris

It is almost impossible to exaggerate the proneness of the human mind to take miracles as evidence, and to seek for miracles as evidence.
Matthew Arnold

It is as impossible for man to demonstrate the existence of God as it would be for even Sherlock Holmes to demonstrate the existence of Arthur Conan Doyle.
Frederick Bue...

There is no such thing as can't, only won't. If you're qualified, all it takes is a burning desire to accomplish, to make a change. Go forward, go backward. Whatever it takes But you can't blame other people or society in general. It all comes from your mind. When we do the impossible we realize we are special people.
Jan Ashford

Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable.
John F. Kennedy

Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable.
John Fitzgera...

Intellect distinguishes between the possible and the impossible reason distinguishes between the sensible and the senseless. Even the possible can be senseless.
Max Born

Humanity needs practical men, who get the most out of their work, and, without forgetting the general good, safeguard their own interests. But humanity also needs dreamers, for whom the disinterested development of an enterprise is so captivating that it becomes impossible for them to devote their care to their own material profit. A well-organized society should assure to such workers the efficient means of accomplishing their task, in a life freed from material care and freely consecrated to research.
Marie Curie

The major difference between a thing that might go wrong and a thing that cannot possibly go wrong is that when a thing that cannot possibly go wrong goes wrong it usually turns out to be impossible to get at or repair.
Douglas Adams

We think having faith means being convinced God exists in the same way we are convinced a chair exists. People who cannot be completely convinced of Gods existence think faith is impossible for them. Not so. People who doubt can have great faith because faith is something you do, not something you think. In fact, the greater your doubt the more heroic your faith.
Real Live Pre...

如果，每天，好高骛远－－ Churchill目标实现论

2008-10-27T02:09:00.000-07:00

It is a mistake to look too far ahead. Only one link of the chain of destiny can be handled at a time.
------Winston Churchill
好高骛远是错误的。每次只能扣上命运的一截环链。
温斯顿·丘吉尔

【姑布评议】

真的不需要命运能为我们做什么。你会发现每天都会很充沛，无论你告诉我你一直以来有什么遗留的楚苦，真的，朋友，不要挂记得太多。你从草芥中来，要往光影中去，从草莽到光彩，是做人应该有的精神。就像我们天生没有什么带来，赤裸裸地出生，然而就披戴整齐，与动物严格区别开来，这就是我们的共同的命！多么神圣华丽！每年人们不知道要发现什么。2008年有上万相为妯娌的人们几分钟之内（再准确一些是三天三夜七十二小时）非正常死去。但是，生活在继续，幸福在诉说，欢乐在给予！2008年全球的金融危机，不知道要将让多少人恐慌失措，许多人学会了跳楼，他们说生存没有幸福！就像今天中午冲往茶山寻风，为了老同志的心理少那么几分颠簸，我的桑塔那还没有卖水果的三轮自行车快－－还有昨天还看到一种改造起来的三轮自行车，是一位老清真教友上街的售货工具车！－－“真不要命了！我想一定活得够苦够累的，真不要命了，比兴奋、得意的人还起劲，倒是它会上陡坡！”我的老同事看着只一阵呼啸而过、又不时转过头看看我们在消遣什么的青年果农，对停在路旁小憩的我说。后来是我跟着一辆惜命的中型货车，一直到丁岙人家。

惜命，只因心中有爱；玩命，多因心有杂翳－－热爱生命吧。对于命宿，比如出身比如谋生，我也不知道如何向你们说得；如果命里有理由，我还是希望是珍爱它，无论命运的哪一环打得如何的稀里啪啦!虽然如是说，还是有些贫嘴滑舌！

如果，每天，好高鹜远，就能忘却优郁！

－－－－如果，每天，好高骛远－－丘相的目标实现论－－－－

【人物春秋】

“Hm-m, do I look like that?”
Churchill, Sir Winston (1874-1965). British Prime Minister. Churchill, the ultimate pillar of strength for his country throughout World War II, is wonderfully captured in this war-date, 8" x 10" Oscar Berger sketch. Berger relates the details of how this piece came to be signed as follows:
CHURCHILL CENTENARY“Of all my air-raid sketches, the most appropriate is that of Winston Churchill, done in 1940, when Churchill’s leadership was a common symbol of hope. As the ancient Houses of Parliament shook under the bursting of bombs, I saw his heavy jowl fill with determination. Churchill never winced, but seemed to gather new strength as he spoke. Looking at my drawing critically (he was an artist, too) he said, “Hm-m, do I look like that?” and with a twinkle in his eye, he autographed it. - Oscar Berger”

穿高跟鞋走一英里

2008-10-21T02:44:00.000-07:00

中新网10月20日电综合报道，10月18日，在美国怀俄明州举行的“穿上她的高跟鞋行走一英里”的活动中，男人们穿上高跟鞋，呼吁人们关注家庭暴力。
据悉，这个活动每年都会举行，活动组织者希望人们能够更多地关注家庭暴力，杜绝强奸、性骚扰和性侵犯。
该活动的名字“穿高跟鞋走一英里”，来自于一句古老的谚语：你只有在穿上他的鞋走上一英里，才能真正的体会他人的经历。
尽管男人们穿上高跟鞋走上一英里并不轻松，但是这一寓教于乐的活动却为人们提供了一个畅谈难言之隐的平台，同时有助于男人更好地理解女人。 (本文来源：中新网 )

迪士累利的Change名论看社会大发展背景下的“改变自我”

2008-10-07T02:36:00.000-07:00

Change is inevitable in a progressive country. Change is constant.
变革在进步的国家是不可避免的，变革才合乎道理。 1867.10.20下院讲话
----Benjamin Disraeli,1804-181,英国政治家、小说家，两度出任首相（1867-1968，1874-1880）
［姑布评议］正值改革开放30周年，无论单位里的纪念活动还是各类社会活动，我都深切感受到人处当世的“改变自我”的迫切需求。在这个历程中，许多人正是因为出于改变自我的命运才有了凤凰涅槃神化般的人生际遇，而另外一些人则沉沦为次劣阶层－－虽然这个词有点刺眼，但毕竟是客观现实！中华民族也求变，不变则不通，也就无法实现复兴。于个人而言，不仅应随大流、明气候，更应有“骥骜之气”、“鸿鹄之志”！不然，即为社会所不值，甚至也会无尊亲感，更不须讲优越感！我要找到那把让我坐着舒服的椅子，从而不要让造物主经过一轮筛选，将你那帅气颓痿，勉作窝囊相！每个人都应该把握梦想，自我超越和实现！

从J·巴勒斯学不可败论

2008-09-26T02:14:00.000-07:00

A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.
J. Burroughs
一个人可以失败许多次，但只要他没有开始责斥别人，他还不算个失败者。
J·巴勒斯
【姑布评议】

关于不可败论可有不少版本了，经常是人造的神话，因为基于能人的创世之说。无论是独孤求败还是东方不败，虽说很孤独，但又何尝不令俗夫羡煞，如果撇开性别、政治论的话。但是，对于没有他们聪慧又刻苦努力的求道者而言，无非有两条道路：一条是通往沉默、克制直至可能无所事事或毫无建树地终其一身，或者是一条继续痴狂地求道、历尽万苦千辛仍不言败、最后失败的下场那课仍然在迷狂地憧憬着。无疑，后一种更需要别样的见地和达识，也就是接近于不可败的神话和绝伦的悟道！你只能说，实在实在难得，或实在难得难得！J·巴勒斯似乎在说，只要有热情和执著，总会有出头之日，可是，谁知道这出头之日系指什么，许多急盼盼的人可能已经历岁月的淘洗，看不见黄金，因为只有在少数的山谷溪涧之中，并且在偶然之机或有断定之艺才能达到目的。从这种意义上说，还要顾及你向往的成功的涵义！不过，如果从人生处世行事的大角度看待成功的要义，学会不去责怪别人，自强不息、永攀高峰，无疑你已经是一重山峰！

【作者简介】

John Burroughs (1837-1921)
General Resources
John Burroughs: American Nature Writer, 1837-1921 (Walt Carroll's site, mirror at the English Department of Texas Tech.)
Catskill Archive: John Burroughs (Tim Mallery)
The John Burroughs Page (John Burroughs Association)
The John Burroughs Pages (American Museum of Natural History Library)
Ecology Hall of Fame: Burroughs Writings
In the Catskills (HTML at LOC)

约翰·巴勒斯
维基百科，自由的百科全书
跳转到: 导航, 搜索
约翰·巴勒斯(John Burroughs，1837年 4月3日-1921年 3月29日)，美国博物学家、散文家，美国环保运动中的重要人物。国会图书馆美国记忆项目中的传记作家，将约翰·巴勒斯视作继梭罗之后，美国文学的自然散文领域中，最重要的实践者。
1871年，巴勒斯的Wake-Robin问世[1]，此后相继出版了许多著作，获得了极大的声誉。传记作家Edward Renehan认为，巴勒斯不只是一位科学的博物学者，更是一位有责任心记录自己对大自然独特视角的人文博物学者。其著作在文化上产生了很大的共鸣，当时造成了极大的影响，而此后则相对淡化。
目录[隐藏]
1 早期生活
2 婚姻与职业
3 写作
4 约翰·巴勒斯协会
5 书目
6 注释
7 外部链接
//

[编辑] 早期生活
巴勒斯是Chauncy 和 Amy Kelly Burroughs十个子女中的第七个，他出生于卡兹奇山的家庭农场中，靠近纽约州特拉华县的Roxbury镇。孩提时代，巴勒斯把很多时间都花在Old Clump Mountain的斜坡上，在那里可以向东远眺，看到卡兹奇山的最高峰，特别是Slide Mountain，以后巴勒斯再著作中会有提及。他在当地的同学中包括Jay Gould。
17岁时巴勒斯离开学校，成为一名教师，同时他在一些机构中作研究，包括Cooperstown学院。在那里他接触到了威廉·华兹华斯和拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生，他们对自然的关注，以及对精神的追求，对巴勒斯产生了终生的影响。1856年7月，他来开学院，前往伊利诺斯州 Buffalo Grove的一个小村庄。在那里他教学数年，还曾返回东部与“遗落的女孩”结婚。[2][3]

[编辑] 婚姻与职业
1857年 9月12日，巴勒斯与厄休拉·诺斯（1836年-1917年）结婚。而后巴勒斯继续教书生涯，并着手写作出版。夫妻俩省吃俭用，一直到1859年才建起自己的居所。
1860年，巴勒斯的写作终于有所收获，当时的新兴杂志《大西洋月刊》接受了其作品《Expression》，编辑詹姆斯·拉塞尔·洛维尔发现其作品与爱默生的风格很像，他起初甚至认为巴勒斯抄袭了他的老朋友。另外一首小诗《Waiting》也引起一些关注。
1864年，巴勒斯在美国财政部某得一个职位，后来他成为联邦银行的主考者，一直任职到1880年代。期间他继续出版，并对沃尔特·惠特曼的诗歌产生了兴趣。美国内战时期，巴勒斯与惠特曼在华盛顿见面，并成为亲密的朋友。
惠特曼鼓励巴勒斯发展自己的天赋，同时坚持创作自己的哲理和文学散文。1867年，巴勒斯出版了《Walt Whitman as Poet and Person》（沃尔特·惠特曼个人与诗人），这是第一部关于惠特曼的传记与评论著作，出版前经过惠特曼（匿名）修订与编辑。
四年后，the Boston house of Hurd & Houghton 出版了巴勒斯的首部自然散文合集《Wake-Robin》[1]。
1874年，巴勒斯在纽约州的West Park（现在属于Esopus镇）购买了一个大农场。他在那里种植了大量农作物，后来他又主要种植鲜食葡萄，同时坚持写作，并继续任职于联邦银行数年。该地后被命名为Riverby。
1894年秋天，巴勒斯在附近又买了一些土地，他和儿子朱利安·巴勒斯（1878年 12月15日-1954年）盖了一个阿尔岗金族风格[4]的木屋，后被命名为Slabsides。在那里，巴勒斯种植了大片的芹菜，并招待来访者，包括瓦瑟学院（Vassar College）的学生。
1900年后，巴勒斯将其出生地附近的一所农舍粉刷一新，并取名为Woodchuck Lodge。这里后来成为其夏季的居所，直至其去世。
巴勒斯写了30多本著作，在杂志上先后发表了数百篇散文、诗歌。
他的一些佳作创作于卡兹奇山旅行归来。1880年代后期，在散文"The Heart of the Southern Catskills"（南部卡兹奇山之心）中，他对攀登卡兹奇山脉最高峰Slide Mountain作了记录。谈及登顶后所见，它这样写道，“"The works of man dwindle, and the original features of the huge globe come out. Every single object or point is dwarfed; the valley of the Hudson is only a wrinkle in the earth's surface. You discover with a feeling of surprise that the great thing is the earth itself, which stretches away on every hand so far beyond your ken.”为纪念其登顶成功，他的部分语句已经被刻于突出的岩石上，被称为Burroughs Ledge。附近的Cornell和Wittenberg 山，巴勒斯也曾攀登过，因此被合称为巴勒斯山脉。
还有一些卡兹奇山的散文中，不乏冷幽默，还有令人肃然起敬的描述，包括飞钓（fly fishing）鳟鱼，在Peekamoose山脉以及Mill Brook Ridge中徒步，沿特拉华河东面支流乘筏漂流。尽管巴勒斯在很多地方旅行过，并写有很多地区和国家的游记，也参与过一些自然科学的争论，包括当时的新理论自然选择，但在卡兹奇山区，巴勒斯依然为人津津乐道，知名度颇高。他对哲学和文学问题也有涉猎，1896年，也就是惠特曼去世后的第四年，他又写了一本关于这位诗人的著作，彰显了惠特曼美德在文学中的地位。
在巴勒斯后期，他与那个时代的不少名人都有交往，包括西奥多·罗斯福、约翰·缪尔、亨利·福特（他将一辆汽车赠送给巴勒斯，是哈德森山谷的第一辆汽车）、哈威·费尔斯通以及托马斯·爱迪生。1899年，他参与了E. H. Harriman的阿拉斯加探险。
与厄休拉结婚后，由于妻子极度憎恶肉体关系，这对夫妇产生矛盾。1901年，巴勒斯遇到了仰慕者克拉拉·Barrus（1864年-1931年），她是纽约Middletown的州精神病医院的内科医生，当时克拉拉37岁。她成为巴勒斯的挚爱，并最后成为其文学的遗嘱执行人。1917年厄休拉去世后，克拉拉搬来与巴勒斯同住。
1921年年春，巴勒斯在从加利福尼亚返回的火车上去世。而后在其84岁生日那天，他被安葬于Roxbury镇，位于岩壁脚下，孩提时代他曾在那里玩耍。
1962年，Woodchuck Lodge被指定为国家历史地标，1968年，Riverby和Slabsides也获得同样的待遇。这三处都被列入国家历史遗迹。
巴勒斯当时获得了很高的声誉。有一项以他命名的自然写作奖，美国还有11所以他命名的学校，包括密尔沃基和洛杉矶的公立中学，一所加利福尼亚州伯班克的公立高中，明尼阿波利斯的巴勒斯小学，以及圣路易斯的约翰·巴勒斯中学。

[编辑] 写作
巴勒斯的许多散文在流行杂志上首发，他对观鸟、花草和乡间情景的描写广为人知，其散文还涉及宗教和文学。他是沃尔特·惠特曼何拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生的忠实支持者，对亨利·戴维·梭罗则有所批评。

[编辑] 约翰·巴勒斯协会
为了纪念巴勒斯，在其1921年去世后，成立了约翰·巴勒斯协会。

[编辑] 书目
Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person (1867)
Wake Robin (1871)
Winter Sunshine (1875), (travel sketches)
Birds and Poets (1877)
Locusts and Wild Honey (1879)
Pepacton (1881)
Fresh Fields (1884), (travel sketches)
Signs and Seasons (1886)
Birds and bees and other studies in nature (1896)
Indoor Studies (1889)
Riverby (1894)
Whitman: A Study (1896)
The Light of Day (1900)
Squirrels and Other Fur-Bearers (1900)
Songs of Nature (Editor) (1901)
John James Audubon (1902), (biography)
Literary Values and other Papers (1902)
Far and Near (1904)
Ways of Nature (1905)
Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt (1906)
Bird and Bough (1906), (poetry)
Afoot and Afloat (1907)
Leaf and Tendril (1908)
Time and Change (1912)
The Summit of the Years (1913)
The Breath of Life (1915)
Under the Apple-Trees (1916)
Field and Study (1919)
Accepting the Universe (1920)
Under the Maples (1921)
The Last Harvest (1922)
My Boyhood, with a Conclusion by His Son Julian Burroughs (1922)
Books About John Burroughs
Our Friend John Burroughs by Clara Barrus (Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin Company, The Riverside Press Cambridge, 1914)
John Burroughs Boy and Man by Clara Barrus (Garden City New York Doubleday, Page & Company, 1920)
The Life and Letters of John Burroughs by Clara Barrus (Volume 1, Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin Company, The Riverside Press Cambridge, 1925)
John Burroughs: An American Naturalist by Edward J. Renehan Jr. (Chelsea, VT: Chelsea Green, 1992; paperback - Hensonville, NY: Black Dome Press, 1998)
John Burroughs and The Place of Nature by James Perrin Warren (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2006)
John Burroughs: An American Naturalist by Edward J. Renehan, Jr. (Black Dome Press)
Sharp Eyes: John Burroughs and American Nature Writing edited by Charlotte Zoe Walker, ed. (Syracuse University Press)
The Art Of Seeing Things by John Burroughs edited by Charlotte Zoe Walker, ed. (Syracuse University Press)
John Burroughs: The Sage of Slabsides by Ginger Wadsworth (Clarion Books)

[编辑] 注释
^ 1.0 1.1 有翻译作《延龄草》，另有简体中文译本《醒来的森林》，生活·读书·新知三联书店，2004年
^ Buffalo Grove
^ Our Friend John Burroughs / Barrus, Clara
^ Adirondack-style，阿尔岗金族属于印第安人，这种风格的建筑采用原木搭建，强调自然的感觉

[编辑] 外部链接

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：
约翰·巴勒斯

维基语录上的相关摘录：
约翰·巴勒斯

维基文库中相关的原始文献：
约翰·巴勒斯
http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/约翰·巴勒斯
John Burroughs的作品 - 古腾堡计划
约翰·巴勒斯协会
卡兹奇山档案的约翰·巴勒斯页
约翰·巴勒斯的作品
American Memory In the Catskills
Afterword to John Burroughs: An American Naturalist by Edward J. Renehan Jr.（约翰·巴勒斯：美国自然主义者）
The Half More Satisfying Than the Whole: John Burroughs and the Hudson by Edward J. Renehan Jr.
Rediscovering John Burroughs' Catskills Retreat: Woodchuck Lodge by Edward J. Renehan Jr.
Bird and Bough by John Burroughs. Complete text of his only book of published poems plus poems published in periodicals; also public domain recordings of his poems.
Quotes by John Burroughs
取自"http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF&variant=zh-cn"

>> Burroughs, John (1837-1921)
Essayist, Journalist, Biographer, Travel Writer.
Remembered primarily as a naturalist writer, Burroughs grew up on a dairy farm in rural New York state, the seventh of ten children. Burroughs' reading of Emerson's essays is remarked upon as "the first great galvanizing contact for the young writer" (J. P. Warren). At the start of his literary career, Burroughs published in Henry Clapp's Saturday Press. One of the pieces published under the pseudonym "All Souls" was "Fragments from the Table of an Intellectual Epicure." His essay, "Expression" was so reminiscent of Emerson's style that James Russell Lowell, editor of The Atlantic Monthly to which he had submitted the work, reviewed all of Emerson's published works to ensure that the essay was not plagiarized (Warren). In addition to publishing almost thirty books, Burroughs also wrote essays and sketches for magazines like Appleton's, The Atlantic Monthly, Century, Galaxy, and Scribner's Monthly.
Though he may have encountered Walt Whitman at Pfaff's, the two developed a lifelong friendship when Burroughs moved to Washington in the fall of 1863 to work for the Currency Bureau of the Treasury Department. Burroughs accompanied Whitman on walks and on his visits to the army hospitals. This friendship inspired Burroughs to write "Walt Whitman and His 'Drum-Taps,'" published in the December 1866 issue of Galaxy. In 1867 he expanded on this theme, writing Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person, the composition of which, he later stated, was influenced by Whitman himself. Describing the friendship, Burroughs states that "I loved him as I never loved any man. We were companionable without talking. I owe more to him than to any other man in the world. He brooded me; he gave me things to think of; he taught me generousity, breadth, and an all-embracing charity" (Life and Letters 1:113). After serving as a pall bearer at Whitman's funeral in 1892, Burroughs wrote a series of 18 essays which he collected into a book, Whitman: A Study (1896).
Although Burroughs preferred to remain close to home, he periodically explored other parts of the country and the world. He traveled to Jamaica, Bermuda, Hawaii, Canada, Alaska, and Europe, and also to various parts of the western and southern United States. His European travels are described in Fresh Fields (1885), and details about his camping trip in Yellowstone with President Roosevelt appear in Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt (1907). In his later years, Burroughs became more interested in the world of science. He published four books between 1919-1922 "in which he sought, with an increasing melancholy, to make the best of a dubious universe" (N. Foerster).
[view works by this person]
References & Biographical Resources
Allen, Gay Wilson. The Solitary Singer: A Critical Biography of Walt Whitman. New York: MacMillan, 1955. [more about this work]
Allen writes that Burroughs became an "intimate friend" of Whitman in 1863. Burroughs estimated that the sales of the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass were between 4,000 and 5,000 copies (267). Allen calls Whitman's friendship with Burroughs "one of the truly major friendships in Whitman's life" (299). Burroughs had been reading Leaves of Grass for about two or three years and made at least one unsuccessful attempt to meet Whitman in New York. Burroughs did not meet Whitman until October 1863, in Washington, after Burroughs left his job as a schoolteacher. The two men became friends immediately, and Burroughs began to join the group that gathered at the O'Connor home (299-301).Burroughs was a "constant reader" and contributor to the Saturday Press, read Leaves of Grass, and traveled to New York with the purpose of meeting Whitman. When the Saturday Press no longer existed, Burroughs called at the Leader office, where several of the Bohemians, including Clapp and Clare, were working and writing. Clapp told Burroughs that "Whitman was at Pfaff's almost every night." In the fall of 1862, Burroughs wrote to a friend that Whitman was dining at Pfaff's (273). Clapp also told Burroughs during the fall of 1862 that "Whitman managed to exist on his earnings of six or seven dollar 'per week writing for the papers'" (280).Clara Barrus claimed that Burroughs attempted to get Juliette Beach to publish the letters she wrote to Whitman (262).Allen mentions that Burroughs was among some of Whitman's friends who questioned the accuracy of Horace Traubel's records (531).Extra page #s: 516, 531-532, 537, 541, 571(n63), 576(n48), 594(n153), 584(n147). [pages: 262, 267, 273, 280, 299-301, 309, 315, 334-335, 363, 374-375, 384, 388, 391-392, 398, 422, 435, 445, 446, 451, 452, 454, 455, 471, 475, 482, 483, 484-]
Baker, Portia. "Walt Whitman and the Atlantic Monthly." American Literature. 1934. 283-301. [more about this work]
Baker notes that Burroughs distrusted Howells' friendliness/relationship to Whitman in 1866. [pages: 289]
Benton, Joel. "John Burroughs." Scribner's Monthly. Jan. 1877: 336-342. [more about this work]
[pages: 336-342, 336(ill.)]
Boynton, Percy Holmes. A History of American Literature. New York: Gin and Company, 1919. 513 p. [more about this work]
"John Burroughs tells of the staff of a leading daily paper in New York, assembled on Saturday afternoon to be paid off, greeting the passages that were read aloud to them with 'peals upon peals of ironical laughter.' Whitman's family were indifferent. His brother George said he 'didn't read it at all-didn't think it worth reading- fingered it a little. Mother thought as I did...Mother said that if 'Hiawatha' was poetry, perhaps Walt's was'" (364).After Swinburne's fiercest attack on Whitman, Burroughs recalls: "I could not discover either in word or look that he [Whitman] was disturbed a particle by it. He spoke as kindly of Swinburne as ever. If he was pained at all it was on Swinburne's account and not on his own. It was a sad spectacle to see a man retreat upon himself as Swinburne had done'" (375). [pages: 229, 364, 375]
Burroughs, J. "To E.M.A." New-York Saturday Press. 24 Nov. 1860: 1. [more about this work]
Epstein, Daniel Mark. Lincoln and Whitman: Parallel Lives in Civil War Washington. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2004. 379 p. [more about this work]
Mentioned in the 1861 chapter. [pages: 54]
Foerster, Norman. "John Burroughs." Dictionary of American Biography. Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2006. http://www.galenet.com/servlet/BioRC. [more about this work]
Folsom, Ed and Kenneth M. Price. Re-Scripting Walt Whitman: An Introduction to His Life and Work. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. [more about this work]
Burroughs first met Whitman in Washington, D.C., in 1863 but he "had started frequenting Pfaff's beerhall in New York [several years earlier] in the hope of meeting Whitman, whose work he greatly admired" (87). [pages: 87]
Killingsworth, M. Jimmie. "The Saturday Press." American Literary Magazines: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Ed. Edward E. Chielens. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986. 357–364. [more about this work]
Burroughs wrote for The Saturday Press under the pseudonym of "All Souls."
Morris, Roy Jr. The Better Angel: Walt Whitman in the Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. [more about this work]
[pages: 4-5, 39, 150-54, 164-65, 186-87, 211, 240,]
"Notes of the Week." New-York Saturday Press. 19 May 1866: 4. [more about this work]
The column reports that Burroughs's "In the Hemlocks" has been published in the most recent edition of the Atlantic Monthly (4). [pages: 4]
O'Higgins, Harvey. Alias Walt Whitman. Newark, NJ: Carteret Book Club, 1930. [more about this work]
O'Higgins mentions that Whitman co-authored Burroughs's biography, Notes on Walt Whitman, but says nothing of the time Whitman and Burroughs spent at Pfaff's. [pages: 32-33,40-41]
Parry, Albert. Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemianism in America. New York: Covici, Friede, 1933. [more about this work]
Parry quotes Burroughs's 1862 description of Ada Clare: "She is really beautiful, not a characterless beauty, but a singular, unique beauty" (18). Parry also cites evidence of Burroughs firing back at Clare, "this caustic woman" who "ought to be sentenced to forty years' silence: 'My heart bleeds for Abbey!'" for her reviews of H.A. Abbey's book of poems, May Dreams (29).Parry uses the example of Burroughs's "Fragments from the Table of an Intellectual Epicure" signed by "All Souls" as an example of the "fancy titles and pen names [that] added to the novel appeal of the sheet [the Saturday Press]" (24). Burroughs met Whitman through Clapp and the Saturday Press; Whitman first caught Burrough's attention when Clapp published "A Child's Reminiscence" in the Saturday Press December 24, 1859. The two men would later be introduced at Pfaff's during a meeting arranged by Clapp; "and Burroughs left completely charmed, to become one of the first apostles of the Great Loafer" (40-41). [pages: 18,24,29,40-41]
Renehan, Edward, Jr. John Burroughs: An American Naturalist. New York: Black Dome Press, 1998. [more about this work]
Warren, James Perrin. "John Burroughs." Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 275: Twentieth-Century American Nature Writers. Eds. Roger Thompson and J. Scott Bryson. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 72-89. [more about this work]
Whitman, Walt. Letter to John Burroughs. 1866. 281. [more about this work]
Whitman, Walt. Letter to William D. O'Connor. 1867. 342-343. [more about this work]
Wilson, James Grant and John Fiske, eds. Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Volume I, Aaron-Crandall. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888. [more about this work]
Omitting his time in New York, Appleton mentions Burroughs' work with the treasury department in 1864 and his position as receiver for Wallkill national bank. [pages: 470]

Anna Sewell 安娜·舍威尔（塞维尔）论不义

2008-09-11T00:53:00.000-07:00

Anna Sewell 安娜·舍威尔
我的教条是，如果我们看到我们有力量去制止的残忍之行和不义之事，而没有制止，我们也就参与了共同犯罪。
My doctrine is this, that if we see cruelty or wrong that we have the power to stop, and do nothing, we make ourselves sharers in the guilt.
【姑布评议】
世事有残忍和不义之事，十成有三。我家祖父兄弟二人，后代连屋结冤，分门结派，兄弟阋于墙。邻里别家也有类事！如何相阋？手段如何？可谓难以理喻！我丑恶的大伯曾在我兄弟少时所植树下焚燃灾荧之物，一昔所烧迷信扎纸，至今犹有恶气！本是善人贵人自不怕此等之事，可是俺父亲心理素质或不硬，竟一朝胰腺炎，往医院达数十天！或医因非大伯的行为所致，可是我父亲任由其妄为，实是无力弹压那块昂挺挺、凶悍悍的恶星，邻里也是自扫门前雪，更无长者不惠而居中干涉。所以遇到残忍之行和不义之事，要有能力何其难？或你家子弟得势，或你家有财远徙，可惜有财有势，小人或许才真正附首贴耳！又从何辩其“忠邪”？！所以人之丑恶，实在太烈，想之深为仇雠！
【作者简介】

1820–78, English author. Her only work, Black Beauty (1877), the story of a horse, became a children's classic and has gone into many reprints. Her mother,
Mary Wright Sewell, 1797–1884, was also a popular writer for children.

(born March 30, 1820, Yarmouth, Norfolk, Eng.—died April 25, 1878, Old Catton, Norfolk) British writer. She was introduced to writing by her mother, an author of juvenile best-sellers, and her concern for the humane treatment of horses began early in life. Confined to her house as an invalid, she spent her last years writing the children's classic Black Beauty (1877), a fictional autobiography of a gentle, highbred horse. It had a strong moral purpose and is said to have been instrumental in abolishing the cruel practice of using the checkrein (a short rein used to prevent a horse from lowering its head).

塞维尔的《黑骏马》
安娜.塞维尔（Anna Sewell）于1820年出生于诺福克，于1878年去世。出于对人类虐待动物的强烈不满，他写下了《黑骏马》（Black Beauty），以说服人们对马仁慈一些。这是她身患重病的时候花了6年的时间写的，也是她写的唯一一本书。书出版后不久她就去世了，从那时以来这本书销售了3，000多万本。本书是一部十九世纪下半叶轰动欧洲文坛的经典儿童小说。《黑骏马》在欧美常销不衰，唤醒一代又一代读者去理解所有不会说话的动物。内容简介小说主人公“黑骏马”是一匹漂亮的优种黑马，从小生活在贵族人家，受过良好的训练，性格温顺、善良，而且聪明、机智，主人非常喜欢他。但是好景不长，主人家里有了变故，黑骏马不得不被卖掉。他一连被卖过多次，接触过各种人：有喝多了酒就拿马撒气的醉汉，有动辄抽鞭子的出租马车车夫，有不把动物当回事的野蛮人，也有把动物当成朋友的好人家，尝尽了人间的甜酸苦辣。最后它侥幸有了一个好的归宿。作品揭示了马的内心世界，也有作为马冷眼旁观人类社会的描写。黑骏马通过自己的眼睛，用惟妙惟肖的语言，讲述了一个个娓娓动听的故事，让我们每个读故事的人都感到：动物通人性，我们怎样对待动物，动物就会怎样对待我们……像所有的经典小说一样，100多年以来，《黑骏马》已风靡全世界，几度被拍成电影，历演不衰。

BLACK BEAUTYA classic children's story by Anna Sewell - specially adapted by Deidre Laiken, this book is in 'like new' condition. There is a small 'ding' on the top of the back cover. This is a 233 page hardcover book with big print and lots of illustrations. A wonderful story for any child who like to read or be read to! "A Horse's Life can be filled with love & tenderness. It can also be filled with meanness and cruelty. Black Beauty learns both sides of life in this classis tale. Told from a horse's point of view, Black Beauty's own story takes you into the mind and heart of a sensitive animal searching for love and understanding."